Cross-Craft Skills: Influence of insulation system on energy efficiency

Bill nr.  555/2005 Z. z. states that, since January 1st, 2021, buildings must be designed with almost zero need of energy. A building with almost zero need of energy is, from the energy efficiency point of view, filed under A0 energy category for a global indicator, which is the primary energy. To achieve this building category, it is necessary to improve the building envelope from the heating and technological point of view and to look for the optimal solution that ensures the balance between the costs for progressive materials, technical equipment of the buildings and the overall decrease in energy demand. The building envelope also must create a design look taking sustainable architecture into account.  The only factor is the configurations of the building envelopes and the geometry of the facade elements, which determine the energy savings. One of the basic elements that has a direct impact on the energy efficiency is transparent construction. Whether it is windows or glass walls these constructions create 15 – 25% of the building envelope in older buildings and even 90% in modern the modern ones.  Therefore, the transparent constructions take part in creating the inner environment but also have influence on the final cost of building operation. Besides the element of the transparent construction itself, it is necessary to know the means of anchoring and connecting to the surrounding building constructions. It is mostly about the connection to the load-bearing construction but also connecting to the insulation system either in a new-built property or in a significant renovation. All these joints and connections of individual components have influence not only on the heat loss created by heat bridges, but also by heat losses created by infiltration of air into the interior. Heat losses creating by heat passing through the constructions, heat losses created by infiltration have therefore a significant impact on the lifespan of the building, system failures and mainly on the energy efficiency itself. Energy efficiency is the   amount of energy needed to fulfil all the energy needs connected with the normalization of the building usage, mainly the energy needed for heating and preparing hot water, for cooling, ventilation, and lighting. Energy efficiency of the building is determined by calculation or calculation by using the measured energy consumption and is given in numeral indicators of energy need in the building and the primary energy, which is the energy from renewable and non-renewable sources which has not gone through the process of conversion nor the process of transformation.